The paper presents a study focused on behavior in cement concrete of the macromolecular compounds and of macromolecular compounds associated with various mineral addition materials, and their influence on hydration-hydrolysis processes, emphasizing the mechanisms related to setting and hardening of these complex binding systems. The studies are concerning the complex hardening processes of complex binding systems: Portland cement - epoxy resin - water, Portland cement - epoxy resin + hardening agent - water, Portland cement - polyvinyl acetate – water. To these binding systems, different additions (of ultrafine particles): silica fume (SF), diatomite (D), and fly ash (FA) were added.